Electrode for secondary battery, preparation thereof, and secondary battery and cable-type secondary battery comprising the same

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure provides a sheet-form electrode for a secondary battery, comprising a current collector; an electrode active material layer formed on one surface of the current collector; a porous polymer layer formed on the electrode active material layer; and a first porous supporting layer formed on the porous polymer layer. 
     The sheet-form electrode for a secondary battery according to the present disclosure has supporting layers on at least one of surfaces thereof to exhibit surprisingly improved flexibility and prevent the release of the electrode active material layer from a current collector even if intense external forces are applied to the electrode, thereby preventing the decrease of battery capacity and improving the cycle life characteristic of the battery.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of International Application No.PCT/KR2014/004048 filed on May 7, 2014, which claims priority under 35USC 119(a) to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2013-0051566 filed in theRepublic of Korea on May 7, 2013, and Korean Patent Application No.10-2014-0054280 filed in the Republic of Korea on May 7, 2014, thedisclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to an electrode for a secondary battery,more specifically to an electrode for a secondary battery which can beprevented from the release of an electrode active material layer andhave improved flexibility, a method of preparing the electrode, and asecondary battery and a cable-type secondary battery comprising theelectrode.

BACKGROUND ART

Secondary batteries are devices capable of storing energy in chemicalform and of converting into electrical energy to generate electricitywhen needed. The secondary batteries are also referred to asrechargeable batteries because they can be recharged repeatedly. Commonsecondary batteries include lead accumulators, NiCd batteries, NiMHaccumulators, Li-ion batteries, Li-ion polymer batteries, and the like.When compared with disposable primary batteries, not only are thesecondary batteries more economically efficient, they are also moreenvironmentally friendly.

Secondary batteries are currently used in applications requiring lowelectric power, for example, equipment to start vehicles, mobiledevices, tools, uninterruptible power supplies, and the like. Recently,as the development of wireless communication technologies has beenleading to the popularization of mobile devices and even to themobilization of many kinds of conventional devices, the demand forsecondary batteries has been dramatically increasing. Secondarybatteries are also used in environmentally friendly next-generationvehicles such as hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles to reduce thecosts and weight and to increase the service life of the vehicles.

Generally, secondary batteries have a cylindrical, prismatic, or pouchshape. This is associated with a fabrication process of the secondarybatteries in which an electrode assembly composed of an anode, acathode, and a separator is mounted in a cylindrical or prismatic metalcasing or a pouch-shaped casing of an aluminum laminate sheet, and inwhich the casing is filled with electrolyte. Because a predeterminedmounting space for the electrode assembly is necessary in this process,the cylindrical, prismatic or pouch shape of the secondary batteries isa limitation in developing various shapes of mobile devices.Accordingly, there is a need for secondary batteries of a new structurethat are easily adaptable in shape.

To fulfill this need, suggestions have been made to develop cable-typebatteries having a very high ratio of length to cross-sectionaldiameter. The cable-type batteries are easy in shape variation, whilebeing subject to stress due to external force for the shape variation.Also, the electrode active material layer of cable-type batteries may bereleased by rapid volume expansion during charging and dischargingprocesses. From these reasons, the capacity of the batteries may bereduced and the cycle life characteristics thereof may be deteriorated.

Such a problem may be solved in a certain degree by increasing theamount of a binder used in the electrode active material layer toprovide flexibility during bending or twisting. However, the increase ofa binder amount in the electrode active material layer causes anelectrode resistance rise to deteriorate battery performances. Also,when intense external forces are applied, for example, in the case thatelectrodes are completely folded, the release of the electrode activematerial layer cannot be prevented even though the amount of a binderbecomes increased. Therefore, this method is insufficient to solve suchproblems.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure is designed to solve the problems of the relatedart, and therefore the present disclosure is directed to providing anelectrode for a secondary battery which can be mitigated from crackgeneration in an electrode active material layer by external forces, andalso can be prevented from the release of the electrode active materiallayer from a current collector even if severe cracks are present, amethod of preparing the electrode, and a secondary battery and acable-type secondary battery comprising the electrode.

In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, there isprovided a sheet-form electrode for a secondary battery, comprising acurrent collector; an electrode active material layer formed on onesurface of the current collector; a porous polymer layer formed on theelectrode active material layer; and a first porous supporting layerformed on the porous polymer layer.

The current collector may be made of stainless steel, aluminum, nickel,titanium, sintered carbon, or copper; stainless steel treated withcarbon, nickel, titanium or silver on the surface thereof; analuminum-cadmium alloy; a non-conductive polymer treated with aconductive material on the surface thereof; a conductive polymer; ametal paste comprising metal powders of Ni, Al, Au, Ag, Pd/Ag, Cr, Ta,Cu, Ba or ITO; or a carbon paste comprising carbon powders of graphite,carbon black or carbon nanotube.

Also, the current collector may be in the form of a mesh.

In addition, the current collector may further comprise a primer coatinglayer consisting of a conductive material and a binder.

The conductive material may comprise any one selected from the groupconsisting of carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon fiber,carbon nanotube, graphene and a mixture thereof.

The binder may be selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoro propylene,polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trichloroethylene, polybutyl acrylate,polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone,polyvinylacetate, polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate, polyethylene oxide,polyarylate, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, celluloseacetate propionate, cyanoethylpullulan, cyanoethylpolyvinylalcohol,cyanoethylcellulose, cyanoethylsucrose, pullulan, carboxyl methylcellulose, styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadienecopolymer, polyimide and a mixture thereof.

Further, the current collector may have a plurality of recesses.

The plurality of recesses may be continuously patterned orintermittently patterned, on at least one surface thereof.

Meanwhile, the first supporting layer may be a mesh-form porous membraneor a non-woven fabric.

The first supporting layer may be made of any one selected from thegroup consisting of high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene,linear low-density polyethylene, ultra-high molecular weightpolyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyester, polyacetal, polyamide, polycarbonate,polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene oxide,polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene naphthalate, and a mixture thereof.

Also, the first supporting layer may further comprise a conductivematerial-coating layer having a conductive material and a binder on thesurface thereof.

In the conductive material-coating layer, the conductive material andthe binder may be present in a weight ratio of 80:20 to 99:1.

The conductive material may comprise any one selected from the groupconsisting of carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon fiber,carbon nanotube, graphene and a mixture thereof.

Meanwhile, the porous polymer layer may have a pore size of 0.01 to 10and a porosity of 5 to 95%.

The porous polymer layer may comprise a linear polymer with polarity, anoxide-based linear polymer or a mixture thereof.

The linear polymer with polarity may be selected from the groupconsisting of polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoro propylene,polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trichloroethylene, polyethylene imine,polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl acrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone,polyvinylacetate, polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate, polyarylate,poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide and a mixture thereof.

The oxide-based linear polymer may be selected from the group consistingof polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyoxymethylene,polydimethylsiloxane and a mixture thereof.

Meanwhile, the electrode for a secondary battery may further comprise aporous coating layer formed by a mixture of inorganic particles and abinder polymer on the first supporting layer.

Also, the electrode for a secondary battery may further comprise asecond supporting layer formed on another surface of the currentcollector.

Here, the second supporting layer may be a polymer film which may bemade of any one selected from the group consisting of polyolefin,polyester, polyimide, polyamide and a mixture thereof.

Meanwhile, when the electrode for a secondary battery is used as ananode, the electrode active material layer may comprise an activematerial selected from the group consisting of natural graphite,artificial graphite, or carbonaceous material; lithium-titanium complexoxide (LTO), and metals (Me) including Si, Sn, Li, Zn, Mg, Cd, Ce, Niand Fe; alloys of the metals; an oxide (MeOx) of the metals; a complexof the metals and carbon; and a mixture thereof, and when the electrodefor a secondary battery is used as a cathode, the electrode activematerial layer may comprise an active material selected from the groupconsisting of LiCoO₂, LiNiO₂, LiMn₂O₄, LiCoPO₄, LiFePO₄, LiNiMnCoO₂,LiNi_(i) _(1−x−y−z)Co_(x)M1_(y)M2_(z)O₂ (wherein M1 and M2 are eachindependently selected from the group consisting of Al, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn,V, Cr, Ti, W, Ta, Mg and Mo, and x, y and z are each independently anatomic fraction of oxide-forming elements, in which 0≦x<0.5, 0≦y<0.5,0≦z<0.5, and x+y+z≦1), and a mixture thereof.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, there isprovided a method of preparing a sheet-form electrode for a secondarybattery, comprising (S1) applying a slurry containing an electrodeactive material on one surface of a current collector, followed bydrying, to form an electrode active material layer; (S2) applying apolymer solution containing a polymer on the electrode active materiallayer; (S3) forming a first porous supporting layer on the polymersolution; and (S4) compressing the resultant obtained in step (S3) toform a porous polymer layer which is adhered between the electrodeactive material layer and the first porous supporting layer to beintegrated with each other.

The polymer solution may comprise a binder component.

Here, in the step (S3), the first porous supporting layer may be formedon the polymer solution before the binder component is cured.

Also, in the step (S4), the resultant obtained in step (S3) may becompressed by means of a coating blade to form the porous polymer layerwhich is adhered between the electrode active material layer and thefirst porous supporting layer to be integrated with each other.

In addition, the method may further comprise a step of forming a secondsupporting layer by compression on another surface of the currentcollector, before the step (S1) or after the step (S4).

Also, in accordance with yet another aspect of the present disclosure,there is provided a cable-type secondary battery, comprising: an innerelectrode; a separation layer surrounding the outer surface of the innerelectrode to prevent a short circuit between electrodes; and an outerelectrode surrounding the outer surface of the separation layer andformed by being spirally wound, wherein at least one of the innerelectrode and the outer electrode is formed by the above-mentionedelectrode for a secondary battery according to the present disclosure.

Here, the outer electrode may be in the form of a uniaxially extendedstrip.

Also, the outer electrode may be spirally wound so that it is notoverlapped or overlapped in its width.

Further, the inner electrode may be a hollow structure whose centralpart is empty.

Here, the inner electrode may comprise one or more electrodes for asecondary battery being spirally wound.

Also, the inner electrode may be provided with a core of inner currentcollector, a core for supplying lithium ions, which comprises anelectrolyte, or a filling core therein.

Here, the core for supplying lithium ions may comprise a gel polymerelectrolyte and a support, or a liquid electrolyte and a porous carrier.

The electrolyte which is used in the core for supplying lithium ions maybe selected from a non-aqueous electrolyte solution using ethylenecarbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylenes carbonate (BC),vinylene carbonate (VC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate(DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methyl formate (MF),γ-butyrolactone (γ-BL), sulfolane, methyl acetate (MA) or methylpropionate (MP); a gel polymer electrolyte using PEO, PVdF, PVdF-HFP,PMMA, PAN, or PVAc; and a solid electrolyte using PEO, polypropyleneoxide (PPO), polyether imine (PEI), polyethylene sulphide (PES), orpolyvinyl acetate (PVAc).

The electrolyte may further comprise a lithium salt which may beselected from LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO₄, LiBF₄, LiB₁₀Cl₁₀, LiPF₆,LiCF₃SO₃, LiCF₃CO₂, LiAsF₆, LiSbF₆, LiAlCl₄, CH₃SO₃Li, CF₃SO₃Li,(CF₃SO₂)₂NLi, lithium chloroborate, lower aliphatic lithium carbonate,lithium tetraphenylborate, and a mixture thereof.

The inner electrode may be an anode or a cathode, and the outerelectrode may be a cathode or an anode corresponding to the innerelectrode.

Meanwhile, the separation layer may be an electrolyte layer or aseparator.

The electrolyte layer may comprise an electrolyte selected from a gelpolymer electrolyte using PEO, PVdF, PMMA, PVdF-HFP, PAN, or PVAc; and asolid electrolyte using PEO, polypropylene oxide (PPO), polyether imine(PEI), polyethylene sulphide (PES), or polyvinyl acetate (PVAc).

The electrolyte layer may further comprise a lithium salt, which may beselected from the group consisting of LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO₄, LiBF₄,LiB₁₀Cl₁₀, LiPF₆, LiCF₃SO₃, LiCF₃CO₂, LiAsF₆, LiSbF₆, LiAlCl₄, CH₃SO₃Li,CF₃SO₃Li, (CF₃SO₂)₂NLi, lithium chloroborate, lower aliphatic lithiumcarbonate, lithium tetraphenylborate, and a mixture thereof.

The separator may be a porous polymer substrate made of apolyolefin-based polymer selected from the group consisting of ethylenehomopolymers, propylene homopolymers, ethylene-butene copolymers,ethylene-hexene copolymers, and ethylene-methacrylate copolymers; aporous polymer substrate made of a polymer selected from the groupconsisting of polyesters, polyacetals, polyamides, polycarbonates,polyimides, polyether ether ketones, polyether sulfones, polyphenyleneoxides, polyphenylene sulfides and polyethylene naphthalates; a poroussubstrate made of a mixture of inorganic particles and a binder polymer;or a separator having a porous coating layer formed on at least onesurface of the porous polymer substrate and comprising inorganicparticles and a binder polymer.

In addition, in accordance with yet still another aspect of the presentdisclosure, there is provided a cable-type secondary battery,comprising: a core for supplying lithium ions, which comprises anelectrolyte; an inner electrode surrounding the outer surface of thecore for supplying lithium ions and comprising a current collector andan electrode active material layer; a separation layer surrounding theouter surface of the inner electrode to prevent a short circuit betweenelectrodes; and an outer electrode formed by being spirally wound tosurround the outer surface of the separation layer and comprising acurrent collector and an electrode active material layer, wherein atleast one of the inner electrode and the outer electrode is formed bythe above-mentioned electrode for a secondary battery according to thepresent disclosure.

Further, in accordance with yet still another aspect of the presentinvention, there is provided a cable-type secondary battery, comprising:two or more inner electrodes arranged in parallel to each other; aseparation layer surrounding the outer surface of the inner electrodesto prevent a short circuit between electrodes; and an outer electrodesurrounding the outer surface of the separation layer and formed bybeing spirally wound, wherein at least one of the inner electrode andthe outer electrode is formed by the above-mentioned electrode for asecondary battery according to the present disclosure.

Further, in accordance with yet still another aspect of the presentinvention, there is provided a cable-type secondary battery, comprising:two or more cores for supplying lithium ions, which comprise anelectrolyte; two or more inner electrodes arranged in parallel to eachother, each inner electrode surrounding the outer surface of each corefor supplying lithium ions and comprising a current collector and anelectrode active material layer; a separation layer surrounding theouter surface of the inner electrodes to prevent a short circuit betweenelectrodes; and an outer electrode formed by being spirally wound tosurround the outer surface of the separation layer and comprising acurrent collector and an electrode active material layer, wherein atleast one of the inner electrode and the outer anode is formed by theabove-mentioned electrode for a secondary battery according to thepresent disclosure.

Here, the inner electrode may comprise one or more electrodes for asecondary battery being spirally wound.

Thus, the sheet-form electrode for a secondary battery according to thepresent disclosure has supporting layers on at least one of surfacesthereof to exhibit surprisingly improved flexibility.

The supporting layers act as a buffer when intense external forces areapplied to the electrode, e.g., during the complete folding of theelectrode, to reduce crack generation in an electrode active materiallayer even though the amount of a binder in the electrode activematerial layer is not raised. Thereby, the release of the electrodeactive material layer from a current collector can be prevented.

Accordingly, the sheet-form electrode can prevent a decrease in batterycapacity and can improve the cycle life characteristic of batteries.

Also, the sheet-form electrode has a porous polymer layer on the topsurface of its electrode active material layer to allow goodintroduction of an electrolyte solution in an electrode active materiallayer, thereby inhibiting a resistance rise in the electrode.

Further, as the porous supporting layer is provided, the electrolytesolution can be impregnated into the pores of the porous supportinglayer to inhibit a resistance rise in the battery, thereby preventingthe deterioration of battery performances.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of thepresent invention and, together with the foregoing disclosure, serve toprovide further understanding of the technical spirit of the presentinvention. However, the present invention is not to be construed asbeing limited to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a cross-section of a sheet-form electrode for a secondarybattery according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of a sheet-form electrode for a secondarybattery according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 schematically shows a method of preparing a sheet-form electrodefor a secondary battery according to one embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 4 shows a surface of a mesh-form current collector according to oneembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 schematically shows a surface of a current collector having aplurality of recesses, according to one embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 6 schematically shows a surface of a current collector having aplurality of recesses, according to another embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 7 is a photograph showing a cross-section of a porous polymer layerobtained by one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 schematically shows a sheet-form inner electrode being wound onthe outer surface of a core for supplying lithium ions in the cable-typesecondary battery of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view schematically showing the insideof a cable-type secondary battery according to one embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 10 schematically shows a cross-section of a cable-type secondarybattery having a plurality of inner electrodes according to the presentdisclosure.

<Explanation of Reference Numerals> 10: Current collector 20: Electrodeactive material layer 30: Porous polymer layer 30′: Polymer solution 40:First supporting layer 50: Second supporting layer 60: Coating blade100, 200: Cable-type secondary battery 110, 210: Core for supplyinglithium ions 120, 220: Inner current collector 130, 230: Inner electrodeactive material layer 140, 240: Porous polymer layer 150, 250: Firstsupporting layer 160, 260: Second supporting layer 170, 270: Separationlayer 180, 280: Outer electrode active material layer 190, 290: Outercurrent collector 195, 295: Protection coating

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will bedescribed in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Priorto the description, it should be understood that the terms used in thespecification and the appended claims should not be construed as limitedto general and dictionary meanings, but interpreted based on themeanings and concepts corresponding to technical aspects of the presentdisclosure on the basis of the principle that the inventor is allowed todefine terms appropriately for the best explanation.

Therefore, the description proposed herein is just a preferable examplefor the purpose of illustrations only, not intended to limit the scopeof the disclosure, so it should be understood that other equivalents andmodifications could be made thereto without departing from the spiritand scope of the disclosure.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show a cross-section of a sheet-form electrode for asecondary battery according to one embodiment of the present disclosure,and FIG. 3 schematically shows a preferred method of preparing asheet-form electrode for a secondary battery according to one embodimentof the present disclosure.

Referring FIGS. 1 to 3, a sheet-form electrode for a secondary batteryaccording to the present disclosure comprises a current collector 10; anelectrode active material layer 20 formed on one surface of the currentcollector 10; a porous polymer layer 30 formed on the electrode activematerial layer 20; and a first porous supporting layer 40 formed on thetop surface of the porous polymer layer 30.

In addition, the sheet-form electrode for a secondary battery accordingto the present disclosure may further comprise a second supporting layer50 formed on the other surface of the current collector 10.

In order for a battery to have flexibility, electrodes used in thebattery should have sufficient flexibility. However, in the case ofconventional cable-type batteries being one example of flexiblebatteries, an electrode active material layer is apt to be released bystress due to external force for the shape variation, or by its rapidvolume expansion during charging and discharging processes when ahigh-capacity anode active material containing Si, Sn or the like isused. Such a release of the electrode active material layer reducesbattery capacity and deteriorates cycle life characteristics. As anattempt for overcoming this problem, the amount of a binder in theelectrode active material layer has been raised to provide flexibilityduring bending or twisting.

However, the increase of a binder amount in the electrode activematerial layer causes an electrode resistance rise to deterioratebattery performances. Also, when intense external forces are applied,for example, in the case that electrodes are completely folded, therelease of the electrode active material layer cannot be prevented eventhough the amount of a binder becomes increased. Therefore, this methodis insufficient to solve such problems.

For the purpose of overcoming the above-mentioned problems, the presentinventors have designed the electrode for a secondary battery in theform of a sheet by comprising the first supporting layer 40 formed onthe outer surface thereof and the second supporting layer 50 optionallyfurther formed on the other surface of the current collector 10.

That is, even if the electrode is applied by external forces duringbending or twisting, the first supporting layer 40 having porosity actsas a buffer capable of mitigating the external forces applied to theelectrode active material layer 20, to prevent the release of theelectrode active material layer 20, thereby improving the flexibility ofthe electrode. Also, when the second supporting layer 50 is furtherformed, it can inhibit a breaking of the current collector 10, therebymore improving the flexibility of the electrode.

Furthermore, the electrode of the present disclosure comprises a porouspolymer layer 30 as an adhesive for adhering the first porous supportinglayer 40 with the electrode active material layer to be integrated witheach other, the porous polymer layer 30 being obtained by drying apolymer solution.

If a general binder is used as the adhesive, it acts as a resistant ofthe electrode to deteriorate battery performances. In contrast, theporous polymer layer 30 having a porous structure allows goodintroduction of an electrolyte solution in an electrode active materiallayer, thereby inhibiting a resistance rise in the electrode.

Hereinafter, a method of preparing the sheet-form electrode for asecondary battery will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.Meanwhile, FIG. 3 shows a case in which a second supporting layer 50 isformed first under a current collector 10, then a porous polymer layeris formed thereafter. However, it is an example of the disclosure, theporous polymer layer can be formed without the second supporting layeras described hereinafter.

First, a slurry containing an electrode active material is applied onone surface of a current collector 10, and dried, to form an electrodeactive material layer 20 (S1).

The current collector 10 may be made of stainless steel, aluminum,nickel, titanium, sintered carbon, or copper; stainless steel treatedwith carbon, nickel, titanium or silver on the surface thereof; analuminum-cadmium alloy; a non-conductive polymer treated with aconductive material on the surface thereof; a conductive polymer; ametal paste comprising metal powders of Ni, Al, Au, Ag, Pd/Ag, Cr, Ta,Cu, Ba or ITO; or a carbon paste comprising carbon powders of graphite,carbon black or carbon nanotube.

As mentioned above, when secondary batteries are subject to externalforces by bending or twisting, an electrode active material layer may bereleased from a current collector. For this reason, large amounts ofbinder components are used in the electrode active material layer so asto provide flexibility in electrodes. However, large amounts of bindermay be easily peeled off owing to swelling by an electrolyte solution,thereby deteriorating battery performances.

Accordingly, for the purpose of improving adhesiveness between anelectrode active material layer and a current collector, the currentcollector 10 may further comprise a primer coating layer consisting of aconductive material and a binder.

The conductive material may comprise any one selected from the groupconsisting of carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon fiber,carbon nanotube, graphene and a mixture thereof, but is not limitedthereto.

The binder may be selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoro propylene,polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trichloroethylene, polybutyl acrylate,polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone,polyvinylacetate, polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate, polyethylene oxide,polyarylate, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, celluloseacetate propionate, cyanoethylpullulan, cyanoethylpolyvinylalcohol,cyanoethylcellulose, cyanoethylsucrose, pullulan, carboxyl methylcellulose, styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadienecopolymer, polyimide and a mixture thereof, but is not limited thereto.

Also, referring to FIGS. 4 to 6, the current collector 10 may be in theform of a mesh, and may have a plurality of recesses on at least onesurface thereof so as to more increase its surface area. The recessesmay be continuously patterned or intermittently patterned. That is,continuous patterned recesses may be formed with spacing apart with eachother in the longitudinal direction, or a plurality of holes may beformed in the form of intermittent patterns. The plurality of holes maybe a circular or polygonal shape.

In the present disclosure, when the electrode for a secondary battery isused as an anode, the electrode active material layer may comprise anactive material selected from the group consisting of natural graphite,artificial graphite, or carbonaceous material; lithium-titanium complexoxide (LTO), and metals (Me) including Si, Sn, Li, Zn, Mg, Cd, Ce, Niand Fe; alloys of the metals; an oxide (MeOx) of the metals; a complexof the metals and carbon; and a mixture thereof, and when the electrodefor a secondary battery is used as a cathode, the electrode activematerial layer may comprise an active material selected from the groupconsisting of LiCoO₂, LiNiO₂, LiMn₂O₄, LiCoPO₄, LiFePO₄, LiNiMnCoO₂,LiNi_(i−x−y−z)Co_(x)M1_(y)M2_(z)O₂ (wherein M1 and M2 are eachindependently selected from the group consisting of Al, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn,V, Cr, Ti, W, Ta, Mg and Mo, and x, y and z are each independently anatomic fraction of oxide-forming elements, in which 0≦x<0.5, 0≦y<0.5,0≦z<0.5, and x+y+z≦1), and a mixture thereof.

Then, a polymer solution 30′ containing a polymer is applied on theelectrode active material layer 20 (S2).

The polymer may be a linear polymer with polarity, an oxide-based linearpolymer or a mixture thereof.

The linear polymer with polarity may be selected from the groupconsisting of polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoro propylene,polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trichloroethylene, polyethylene imine,polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl acrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone,polyvinylacetate, polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate, polyarylate,poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide and a mixture thereof.

The oxide-based linear polymer may be selected from the group consistingof polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyoxymethylene,polydimethylsiloxane and a mixture thereof.

Then, a first porous supporting layer 40 is formed on the appliedpolymer solution 30 ((S3).

Meanwhile, the first supporting layer 40 may be a mesh-form porousmembrane or a non-woven fabric. Such a porous structure allows goodintroduction of an electrolyte solution in the electrode active materiallayer 20, and also the first supporting layer 40 itself has superiorimpregnation of the electrolyte solution to provide good ionicconductivity, thereby preventing an electrode resistance rise andeventually preventing the deterioration of battery performances.

The first supporting layer 40 may be made of any one selected from thegroup consisting of high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene,linear low-density polyethylene, ultra-high molecular weightpolyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyester, polyacetal, polyamide, polycarbonate,polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene oxide,polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene naphthalate, and a mixture thereof.

Also, the first supporting layer 40 may further comprise a conductivematerial-coating layer having a conductive material and a binder on thefirst supporting layer 40. The conductive material-coating layerfunctions to improve the conductivity of an electrode active materiallayer and reduce electrode resistance, thereby preventing thedeterioration of battery performances.

The conductive material and the binder used in the conductivematerial-coating layer may be the same as those used in the primercoating layer, which are mentioned above.

Such conductive material-coating layer is more favorable when applied ina cathode because a cathode active material layer has low conductivityto intensify performance deterioration due to electrode resistance rise,than in an anode whose active material layer has relatively goodconductivity and thus is not largely affected by the conductivematerial-coating layer to exhibit performances similar to conventionalanodes.

In the conductive material-coating layer, the conductive material andthe binder may be present in a weight ratio of 80:20 to 99:1. The use oflarge amounts of binder may induce a severe rise in electroderesistance. Therefore, when such a numerical range is satisfied,electrode resistance can be prevented from its severe rise. Also, asmentioned above, since the first supporting layer acts as a buffer whichcan prevent the release of an electrode active material layer, electrodeflexibility is not largely affected by the use of the binder in arelative small amount.

Subsequently, the resultant obtained in step (S3) is compressed to forma porous polymer layer 30 which is adhered between the electrode activematerial layer 20 and the first supporting layer 40 to be integratedwith each other (S4).

The porous polymer layer 30 may have a porous structure for goodintroduction of an electrolyte solution in an electrode active materiallayer, and have a pore size of 0.01 to 10 μm and a porosity of 5 to 95%.

The porous coating layer may be formed to have a porous structurethrough phase separation or phase change by a non-solvent during itspreparation.

For example, polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoro propylene as apolymer is added to acetone used as a solvent to obtain a solutionhaving 10 wt % of solids. To the solution obtained, water or ethanol asa non-solvent is added in an amount of 2 to 10 wt % to prepare a polymersolution.

Such a polymer solution is subject to phase change during a dryingprocedure after coating, to form phase-separated parts of thenon-solvent and the polymer. Among these, the parts of the non-solventbecome pores. Accordingly, the size of pores can be controlled dependingon the solubility of the non-solvent and the polymer and the amount ofthe non-solvent.

FIG. 7 is a photograph showing a cross-section of the porous polymerlayer 30 obtained by one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Meanwhile, if the porous polymer layer 30 is formed by coating thepolymer solution (30′) on one surface of the electrode active materiallayer 20, followed by drying, and then the first supporting layer 40 isformed by lamination thereon, a binder component in the polymer solution(30′) for adhering the electrode active material layer 20 with the firstsupporting layer 40 may be cured, making it difficult to maintain strongadhesion between such two layers.

Also, unlike the preferred preparation method of the present disclosurewhich uses the first porous supporting layer prepared in advance, if aporous supporting layer is formed by coating a polymer solution on theporous polymer layer, such a porous supporting layer formed by coatingthe polymer solution has poor mechanical properties than those of thefirst porous supporting layer of the present disclosure, thereby failingto effectively prevent the release of the electrode active materiallayer.

In contrast, according to the preferred preparation method of thepresent disclosure, in the case that the first supporting layer 40 isplaced on the top of the applied polymer solution (30′) before thebinder component is cured, and then these are together coated by meansof a coating blade 60, thereby forming the porous polymer layer 30adhered between the electrode active material layer 20 and the firstsupporting layer 40 to be integrated with each other.

Meanwhile, a second supporting layer 50 may be further formed bycompression on the other surface of the current collector 10, before thestep (S1) or after the step (S4). The second supporting layer 50 caninhibit a breaking of the current collector 10, thereby more improvingthe flexibility of the electrode.

The second supporting layer 50 may be a polymer film which may be madeof any one selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, polyester,polyimide, polyamide and a mixture thereof.

In addition, the present disclosure provides a secondary batterycomprising a cathode, an anode, a separator interposed between thecathode and the anode, and an electrolyte, wherein at least one of thecathode and the anode is formed by the above-mentioned electrode for asecondary battery.

The secondary battery of the present disclosure may be in the generalform of stacking, winding or stacking/folding, and also it may be in theparticular form of cable type.

In addition, the present disclosure provides a cable-type secondarybattery, comprising: an inner electrode; a separation layer surroundingthe outer surface of the inner electrode to prevent a short circuitbetween electrodes; and an outer electrode surrounding the outer surfaceof the separation layer and formed by being spirally wound, wherein atleast one of the inner electrode and the outer electrode is formed bythe above-mentioned electrode for a secondary battery.

The term ‘spirally’ used herein refers to represent a helix shape thatturns around at a certain area while moving, including general springforms.

The outer electrode may be in the form of a uniaxially extended strip.

Also, the outer electrode may be spirally wound so that it is notoverlapped in its width or overlapped in its width. For example, inorder to prevent the deterioration of battery performances, the outerelectrode may be spirally wound with space within the double length ofits width so that it is not overlapped.

Alternatively, the outer electrode may be spirally wound whileoverlapping in its width. In this case, in order to inhibit an excessiveresistance rise within the battery, the outer electrode may be spirallywound so that the width of its overlapped part may be within 0.9 foldsof the width of the outer electrode itself.

The inner electrode may be a hollow structure whose central part isempty.

Also, the inner electrode may be provided with a core of inner currentcollector therein.

The core of inner current collector may be made of carbon nanotube,stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, sintered carbon, or copper;stainless steel treated with carbon, nickel, titanium or silver on thesurface thereof; an aluminum-cadmium alloy; a non-conductive polymertreated with a conductive material on the surface thereof; a conductivepolymer.

Alternatively, the inner electrode may be provided with a core forsupplying lithium ions, which comprises an electrolyte therein.

The core for supplying lithium ions may comprise a gel polymerelectrolyte and a support.

Also, the core for supplying lithium ions may comprise a liquidelectrolyte and a porous carrier.

Alternatively, the inner electrode may be provided with a filling coretherein.

The filling core may be made of several materials for improving variousperformances of cable-type batteries, for example polymer resins, rubberand inorganics, besides materials forming the core of inner currentcollector and the core for supplying lithium ions, and also may havevarious forms including wire, fiber, powder, mesh and foam.

Meanwhile, FIG. 8 schematically shows a cable-type secondary batteryaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure in which asheet-form inner electrode is wound on the outer surface of a core 110for supplying lithium ions. The sheet-form inner electrode may beapplied in cable-type secondary batteries as shown in FIG. 8, and alsothe sheet-form outer electrode may be similarly wound on the outersurface of a separation layer.

Such a cable-type secondary battery according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure comprises a core for supplying lithium ions, whichcomprises an electrolyte; an inner electrode surrounding the outersurface of the core for supplying lithium ions and comprising a currentcollector and an electrode active material layer; a separation layersurrounding the outer surface of the inner electrode to prevent a shortcircuit between electrodes; and an outer electrode formed by beingspirally wound to surround the outer surface of the separation layer andcomprising a current collector and an electrode active material layer,wherein at least one of the inner electrode and the outer electrode isformed by the above-mentioned electrode for a secondary batteryaccording to the present disclosure.

The cable-type secondary battery of the present disclosure has ahorizontal cross section of a predetermined shape, a linear structure,which extends in the longitudinal direction, and flexibility, so it canfreely change in shape. The term ‘a predetermined shape’ used herein isnot limited to any particular shape, and refers to any shape that doesnot damage the nature of the present disclosure.

Among cable-type secondary batteries which can be designed by thepresent disclosure, a cable-type secondary battery 100 in which theabove-mentioned electrode for a secondary battery is used as an innerelectrode is shown in FIG. 9.

Referring to FIG. 9, the cable-type secondary battery 100 comprises acore 110 for supplying lithium ions, which comprises an electrolyte; aninner electrode surrounding the outer surface of the core 110 forsupplying lithium ions; a separation layer 170 surrounding the outersurface of the inner electrode to prevent a short circuit betweenelectrodes; and an outer electrode formed by being spirally wound tosurround the outer surface of the separation layer 170 and comprising anouter current collector 190 and an outer electrode active material layer180, wherein the inner electrode comprises an inner current collector120, an inner electrode active material layer 130 formed on one surfaceof the inner current collector 120, a porous polymer layer 140 formed onthe top surface of the inner electrode active material layer 130, afirst porous supporting layer 150 formed on the top surface of theporous polymer layer 140, and a second supporting layer 160 formed onthe other surface of the inner current collector 120.

As already mentioned above, the sheet-form electrode for a secondarybattery according to the present disclosure may be used as the outerelectrode, not the inner electrode, or may be used as both of them.

The core 110 for supplying lithium ions comprises an electrolyte whichis not particularly limited to its kinds and may be selected from anon-aqueous electrolyte solution using ethylene carbonate (EC),propylene carbonate (PC), butylenes carbonate (BC), vinylene carbonate(VC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methylcarbonate (EMC), methyl formate (MF), γ-butyrolactone (γ-BL), sulfolane,methyl acetate (MA) or methyl propionate (MP); a gel polymer electrolyteusing PEO, PVdF, PVdF-HFP, PMMA, PAN, or PVAc; and a solid electrolyteusing PEO, polypropylene oxide (PPO), polyether imine (PEI),polyethylene sulphide (PES), or polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). Also, theelectrolyte may further comprise a lithium salt which may be selectedfrom LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO₄, LiBF₄, LiB₁₀Cl₁₀, LiPF₆, LiCF₃SO₃,LiCF₃CO₂, LiAsF₆, LiSbF₆, LiAlCl₄, CH₃SO₃Li, CF₃SO₃Li, (CF₃SO₂)₂NLi,lithium chloroborate, lower aliphatic lithium carbonate, lithiumtetraphenylborate, and a mixture thereof. The core 110 for supplyinglithium ions may consist of only an electrolyte, and especially a liquidelectrolyte may be formed by using a porous carrier.

In the present disclosure, the inner electrode may be an anode or acathode, and the outer electrode may be a cathode or an anodecorresponding to the inner electrode.

Electrode active materials which may be used in the anode and thecathode are the same as those which are mentioned above.

Meanwhile, the separation layer may be an electrolyte layer or aseparator.

The electrolyte layer serving as an ion channel may be made of agel-type polymer electrolyte using PEO, PVdF, PVdF-HFP, PMMA, PAN orPVAc, or a solid electrolyte using PEO, polypropylene oxide (PPO),polyethylene imine (PEI), polyethylene sulfide (PES) or polyvinylacetate (PVAc). The matrix of the solid electrolyte is preferably formedusing a polymer or a ceramic glass as the backbone. In the case oftypical polymer electrolytes, the ions move very slowly in terms ofreaction rate, even when the ionic conductivity is satisfied. Thus, thegel-type polymer electrolyte which facilitates the movement of ions ispreferably used compared to the solid electrolyte. The gel-type polymerelectrolyte has poor mechanical properties and thus may comprise asupport to improve poor mechanical properties, and the support may be aporous-structured support or a cross-linked polymer. The electrolytelayer of the present invention can serve as a separator, and thus anadditional separator may be omitted.

In the present disclosure, the electrolyte layer may further comprise alithium salt. The lithium salt can improve an ionic conductivity andresponse time. Non-limiting examples of the lithium salt may includeLiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO₄, LiBF₄, LiB₁₀Cl₁₀, LiPF₆, LiCF₃SO₃, LiCF₃CO₂,LiAsF₆, LiSbF₆, LiAlCl₄, CH₃SO₃Li, CF₃SO₃Li, (CF₃SO₂)₂NLi, lithiumchloroborate, lower aliphatic lithium carbonate, and lithiumtetraphenylborate.

Examples of the separator may include, but is not limited to, a porouspolymer substrate made of a polyolefin-based polymer selected from thegroup consisting of ethylene homopolymers, propylene homopolymers,ethylene-butene copolymers, ethylene-hexene copolymers, andethylene-methacrylate copolymers; a porous polymer substrate made of apolymer selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyacetals,polyamides, polycarbonates, polyimides, polyether ether ketones,polyether sulfones, polyphenylene oxides, polyphenylene sulfides andpolyethylene naphthalates; a porous substrate made of a mixture ofinorganic particles and a binder polymer; or a separator having a porouscoating layer formed on at least one surface of the porous polymersubstrate and comprising inorganic particles and a binder polymer.

In the porous coating layer formed from inorganic particles and a binderpolymer, the inorganic particles are bound to each other by the binderpolymer (i.e., the binder polymer connects and immobilizes the inorganicparticles), and also the porous coating layer maintains the state ofbinding with the first supporting layer by the binder polymer, In such aporous coating layer, the inorganic particles are filled in contact witheach other, from which interstitial volumes are formed between theinorganic particles. The interstitial volumes between the inorganicparticles become empty spaces to form pores.

Among these, in order for the lithium ions of the core for supplyinglithium ions to be transferred to the outer electrode, it is preferredto use a non-woven fabric separator corresponding to the porous polymersubstrate made of a polymer selected from the group consisting ofpolyesters, polyacetals, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyimides,polyether ether ketones, polyether sulfones, polyphenylene oxides,polyphenylene sulfides and polyethylene naphthalates.

Also, the cable-type secondary battery of the present disclosure has aprotection coating 195. The protection coating 195 acts as an insulatorand is formed to surround the outer current collector, therebyprotecting the electrodes against moisture in the air and externalimpacts. The protection coating may be made of conventional polymerresins having a moisture-blocking layer. The moisture-blocking layer maybe made of aluminum or a liquid-crystalline polymer which have goodwater-blocking ability, and the polymer resins may be PET, PVC, HDPE orepoxy resins.

Further, the present disclosure provides a cable-type secondary batteryhaving two or more inner electrodes, comprising: two or more innerelectrodes arranged in parallel to each other; a separation layersurrounding the outer surface of the inner electrodes to prevent a shortcircuit between electrodes; and an outer electrode surrounding the outersurface of the separation layer and formed by being spirally wound,wherein at least one of the inner electrode and the outer electrode isformed by the above-mentioned electrode for a secondary batteryaccording to the present disclosure.

Further, the present disclosure provides a cable-type secondary batteryhaving two or more inner electrodes, comprising: two or more cores forsupplying lithium ions, which comprise an electrolyte; two or more innerelectrodes arranged in parallel to each other, each inner electrodesurrounding the outer surface of each core for supplying lithium ionsand comprising a current collector and an electrode active materiallayer; a separation layer surrounding the outer surface of the innerelectrodes to prevent a short circuit between electrodes; and an outerelectrode formed by being spirally wound to surround the outer surfaceof the separation layer and comprising a current collector and anelectrode active material layer, wherein at least one of the innerelectrode and the outer electrode is formed by the above-mentionedelectrode for a secondary battery according to the present disclosure.

Among cable-type secondary batteries having two or more inner electrodeswhich can be designed by the present disclosure, a cable-type secondarybattery 200 in which the above-mentioned electrode for a secondarybattery is used as an inner electrode is shown in FIG. 10.

Referring to FIG. 10, the cable-type secondary battery 200 comprises twoor more cores 210 for supplying lithium ions, which comprise anelectrolyte; two or more inner electrodes arranged in parallel to eachother, each inner electrode surrounding the outer surface of each corefor supplying lithium ions; a separation layer 270 surrounding the outersurface of the inner electrodes to prevent a short circuit betweenelectrodes; and an outer electrode formed by being spirally wound tosurround the outer surface of the separation layer 270 and comprising anouter current collector 290 and an outer electrode active material layer280, wherein each inner electrode comprises an inner current collector220, an inner electrode active material layer 230 formed on one surfaceof the inner current collector 220, a porous polymer layer 240 formed onthe top surface of the inner electrode active material layer 230, afirst porous supporting layer 250 formed on the top surface of theporous polymer layer 240, and a second supporting layer 260 formed onthe other surface of the inner current collector 220.

As already mentioned above, the sheet-form electrode for a secondarybattery according to the present disclosure may be used as the outerelectrode, not the inner electrode, or may be used as both of them.

In the cable-type secondary battery 200 which has a plurality of innerelectrodes, the number of the inner electrodes can be adjusted tocontrol the loading amount of the electrode active material layers aswell as battery capacity, and a probability of breaking of wire can beprevented owing to the presence of multiple electrodes.

Applicability To The Industry

The present disclosure has been described in detail. However, it shouldbe understood that the detailed description and specific examples, whileindicating preferred embodiments of the disclosure, are given by way ofillustration only, since various changes and modifications within thespirit and scope of the disclosure will become apparent to those skilledin the art from this detailed description.

What is claimed is:
 1. A secondary battery comprising a cathode, ananode, a separator interposed between the cathode and the anode, and anon-aqueous electrolyte solution, wherein at least one of the cathodeand the anode is a sheet-form electrode for a secondary battery,comprising a current collector, an electrode active material layerformed on one surface of the current collector, a porous polymer layerformed on the electrode active material layer and a first poroussupporting layer formed on the porous polymer layer.
 2. The secondarybattery according to claim 1, wherein the secondary battery is in theform of stacking, winding, stacking/folding or cable type.
 3. Acable-type secondary battery, comprising: an inner electrode; aseparation layer surrounding the outer surface of the inner electrode toprevent a short circuit between electrodes; and an outer electrodesurrounding the outer surface of the separation layer and formed bybeing spirally wound, wherein at least one of the inner electrode andthe outer electrode is formed by a sheet-form electrode for a secondarybattery, comprising a current collector, an electrode active materiallayer formed on one surface of the current collector, a porous polymerlayer formed on the electrode active material layer and a first poroussupporting layer formed on the porous polymer layer.
 4. The cable-typesecondary battery according to claim 3, wherein the outer electrode isin the form of a uniaxially extended strip.
 5. The cable-type secondarybattery according to claim 3, wherein the outer electrode is spirallywound so that it is not overlapped in its width.
 6. The cable-typesecondary battery according to claim 5, wherein the outer electrode isspirally wound with space within the double length of its width so thatit is not overlapped.
 7. The cable-type secondary battery according toclaim 3, wherein the outer electrode is spirally wound so that it isoverlapped in its width.
 8. The cable-type secondary battery accordingto claim 7, wherein the outer electrode is spirally wound so that thewidth of its overlapped part is within 0.9 folds of the width of theouter electrode itself.
 9. The cable-type secondary battery according toclaim 3, wherein the inner electrode is a hollow structure whose centralpart is empty.
 10. The cable-type secondary battery according to claim9, wherein the inner electrode comprises one or more electrodes for asecondary battery being spirally wound.
 11. The cable-type secondarybattery according to claim 9, wherein the inner electrode is providedwith a core of inner current collector, a core for supplying lithiumions, which comprises an electrolyte, or a filling core therein.
 12. Thecable-type secondary battery according to claim 11, wherein the core ofinner current collector is made of carbon nanotube, stainless steel,aluminum, nickel, titanium, sintered carbon, or copper; stainless steeltreated with carbon, nickel, titanium or silver on the surface thereof;an aluminum-cadmium alloy; a non-conductive polymer treated with aconductive material on the surface thereof; a conductive polymer. 13.The cable-type secondary battery according to claim 11, wherein the corefor supplying lithium ions comprises a gel polymer electrolyte and asupport.
 14. The cable-type secondary battery according to claim 11,wherein the core for supplying lithium ions comprises a liquidelectrolyte and a porous carrier.
 15. The cable-type secondary batteryaccording to claim 11, wherein the electrolyte is selected from anon-aqueous electrolyte solution using ethylene carbonate (EC),propylene carbonate (PC), butylenes carbonate (BC), vinylene carbonate(VC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methylcarbonate (EMC), methyl formate (MF), γ-butyrolactone (γ-BL), sulfolane,methyl acetate (MA) or methyl propionate (MP); a gel polymer electrolyteusing PEO, PVdF, PVdF-HFP, PMMA, PAN, or PVAc; and a solid electrolyteusing PEO, polypropylene oxide (PPO), polyether imine (PEI),polyethylene sulphide (PES), or polyvinyl acetate (PVAc).
 16. Thecable-type secondary battery according to claim 11, wherein theelectrolyte further comprises a lithium salt.
 17. The cable-typesecondary battery according to claim 16, wherein the lithium salt isselected from LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO₄, LiBF₄, LiB₁₀Cl₁₀, LiPF₆,LiCF₃SO₃, LiCF₃CO₂, LiAsF₆, LiSbF₆, LiAlCl₄, CH₃SO₃Li, CF₃SO₃Li,(CF₃SO₂)₂NLi, lithium chloroborate, lower aliphatic lithium carbonate,lithium tetraphenylborate, and a mixture thereof.
 18. The cable-typesecondary battery according to claim 11, the filling core is made ofpolymer resins, rubber and inorganics in the form of a wire, a fiber, apowder, a mesh and a foam.
 19. The cable-type secondary batteryaccording to claim 3, wherein the inner electrode is an anode or acathode, and the outer electrode is a cathode or an anode correspondingto the inner electrode.
 20. The cable-type secondary battery accordingto claim 3, wherein the separation layer is an electrolyte layer or aseparator.
 21. The cable-type secondary battery according to claim 20,wherein the separator is a porous polymer substrate made of apolyolefin-based polymer selected from the group consisting of ethylenehomopolymers, propylene homopolymers, ethylene-butene copolymers,ethylene-hexene copolymers, and ethylene-methacrylate copolymers; aporous polymer substrate made of a polymer selected from the groupconsisting of polyesters, polyacetals, polyamides, polycarbonates,polyimides, polyether ether ketones, polyether sulfones, polyphenyleneoxides, polyphenylene sulfides and polyethylene naphthalates; a poroussubstrate made of a mixture of inorganic particles and a binder polymer;or a separator having a porous coating layer formed on at least onesurface of the porous polymer substrate and comprising inorganicparticles and a binder polymer.
 22. The cable-type secondary batteryaccording to claim 21, wherein the porous polymer substrate is a porouspolymer film substrate or a porous non-woven fabric substrate.
 23. Thecable-type secondary battery according to claim 3, which furthercomprises a protection coating surrounding the outer surface of theouter electrode.
 24. The cable-type secondary battery according to claim23, wherein the protection coating is made of a polymer resin.
 25. Thecable-type secondary battery according to claim 24, wherein the polymerresin comprises any one selected from the group consisting of PET, PVC,HDPE, an epoxy resin and a mixture thereof.
 26. The cable-type secondarybattery according to claim 24, wherein the protection coating furthercomprises a moisture-blocking layer.
 27. The cable-type secondarybattery according to claim 26, wherein the moisture-blocking layer ismade of aluminum or a liquid-crystalline polymer.
 28. A cable-typesecondary battery, comprising: two or more inner electrodes arranged inparallel to each other; a separation layer surrounding the outer surfaceof the inner electrodes to prevent a short circuit between electrodes;and an outer electrode surrounding the outer surface of the separationlayer and formed by being spirally wound, wherein at least one of theinner electrode and the outer electrode is formed by a sheet-formelectrode for a secondary battery, comprising a current collector, anelectrode active material layer formed on one surface of the currentcollector, a porous polymer layer formed on the electrode activematerial layer and a first porous supporting layer formed on the porouspolymer layer.
 29. A cable-type secondary battery, comprising: two ormore cores for supplying lithium ions, which comprise an electrolyte;two or more inner electrodes arranged in parallel to each other, eachinner electrode surrounding the outer surface of each core for supplyinglithium ions and comprising a current collector and an electrode activematerial layer; a separation layer surrounding the outer surface of theinner electrodes to prevent a short circuit between electrodes; and anouter electrode formed by being spirally wound to surround the outersurface of the separation layer and comprising a current collector andan electrode active material layer, wherein at least one of the innerelectrode and the outer anode is formed by a sheet-form electrode for asecondary battery, comprising a current collector, an electrode activematerial layer formed on one surface of the current collector, a porouspolymer layer formed on the electrode active material layer and a firstporous supporting layer formed on the porous polymer layer.
 30. Thecable-type secondary battery according to claim 29, wherein the innerelectrode comprises one or more electrodes for a secondary battery beingspirally wound.